Arzt performs heart surgery on unborn babies, inserting a needle into the mother’s womb and carefully pushing it through a tiny valve in the fetus’ heart that’s just 2 millimeters in diameter, or about as wide as a pinhead. Then he perforates the valve. “If I go 1 or 2 millimeters too far, I tear off the vessel and everything is over,” he says from his office at Kepler University Hospital in Austria, where as head of prenatal care he has overseen more than 140 such procedures.
In 2012, Brittany and Scott Bolick were expecting their first child. Years prior, Brittany had uterine cancer, so they were aware that the pregnancy was going to be high-risk. But they still expected her to carry the baby past the 32-week mark.