American inventor Charles Martin Hall was just 51 years old when he died in 1914, but he started a revolution that now undergirds industries ranging from soft drinks to space flight. Working alone in a woodshed behind his family home, Hall found an inexpensive way to produce pure aluminum by using electricity to break down aluminum oxide.
There are now more than 7 billion people in world who need access to energy and clean water. Innovators like Bill Heins have spent the last two decades developing advanced systems helping to minimize water usage and recycle waste water from water-hungry industries like power generation and oil sands mining.
Water barrels and storage tanks had for years dominated roofs in the Casbah and other neighborhoods spread over the crescent of hills ringing the Algerian capital and the blue half-moon of Bay of Algiers. “There was a big water shortage in this country,” says Ali Nouioua, a GE Power & Water manager based in Algeria. “Some areas would lose water every two or three days. People would have to buy it from water tankers on the street and store it on the roof.”