Hot Isostatic Pressing

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is a manufacturing process used to reduce the porosity of metals and increase the density of many ceramic materials. This improves the material's mechanical properties and workability.

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

The hot isostatic pressing process combines high temperature (up to 2200ºC) and isostatic inert gas pressure (from to 100 to 3100 bar) in a high-pressure containment vessel. Heat and pressure, applied simultaneously, eliminate internal voids and residual porosity, which improves fatigue resistance of fabricated parts while retaining a very fine grained additive structure.

Advantages

  • Improves material properties, such as resistance to stress and cracking, by eliminating internal voids. 
  • Enhances uniformity of additive materials and increases quality and repeatability of performance.

Recommended* HIP conditions for common additively manufactured materials

GE Additive designationIndustry designationHIP Temp (°C)**HIP Temp (°F)**HIP Press. (MPa)**HIP Press. (ksi)**HIP time (hr.)**
ALUMINUM
CL 35ALF357538100010014.5 8 (minimum)
CL 35ALA205514 +/- 8 975 +/- 1510014.5 11 +/- 0.5
CL 36ALA205454 +/- 14 850 +/- 2510014.5 4 +/- 0.5
COBALT
CL 110COF75 CoCrMo1204220010014.5 4
Arcam ASTMF75 CoCrF75 CoCrMo1200219210014.54
 CL 111COAlloy 1881121205010014.54
IRON
CL 25MSM1521149210010014.55
NICKEL
CL 100NB Alloy 7181163212510014.54
CL 100NB Alloy 7181038190010014.54
TITANIUM
 CL 41 TI ELITi-6Al-4V 899165010014.53
Ti-6Al-4VTi-6Al-4V920168810014.52
Ti-6Al-4V ELI Ti-6Al-4V ELI920168810014.52
Grade 2Grade 2 Ti920168810014.52

* Recommendations based on investigation of laser- and/or electron beam-deposited materials
** Standard tolerances except where listed on temperature and time are as follows:  +/- 14C◦ (+/-25F◦), +/-1hr. Pressure is considered minimum.