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[A third of these principles ]
[is the idea of enabling self-measurement. ]
[We have to get the tools of change into]
[And, indeed, Keep the Change and MINT were examples]
[of how getting these tools into the individuals' hands can have impact. ]
[And we heard about it earlier, I think, again in the first session, ]
[that unless something can be measured,]
[it's very hard to improve it, ]
[because we're just talking about intuition all the time, otherwise. ]
[So what are the kinds of tools that we can get into the hands of ordinary people]
[that help them measure their own behavior?]
[There are all kinds of examples. ]
[Some of them more classic health-like products.]
[This, for instance, is Bayer's Contour]
[blood glucose monitor, which is the first]
[meter that plugs directly into somebody's laptop in order to launch]
[its diabetes management software]
[so that patients can have instant access to their own blood sugar data]
[and trends to help them kind of optimize ]
[their own diabetes management. ]
[Another one which is one of my favorites examples is a much more]
[This is a weighing scale produced by a European company]
[so when you stand on your weighing scales in the morning,]
[it transmits your weight to ]
[your iPhone and your laptop. ]
[And you can see here this is the application that ]
[pops up on your iPhone or your laptop, which ]
[can be rather miserable in terms of looking at that every morning ]
[and having it around with you, but, on the other hand, ]
[there's no getting away from the fact that you actually know what ]
[And more importantly, what you know the trend has been. ]
[Again, in terms of when it comes to reminding people about behavior,]
[it's often trends that are more important than the point data. ]
[And there are going to be many, many more of these kinds of devices]
[that use very low cost sensing technology]
[and wireless technology appearing]
[Indeed, one that I think is quite interesting--]
[a little start-up that's just north of us]
[in Redwood City in Silicon Valley--]
[is one that's worth keeping an eye on, I think. ]
[They've developed a technology for making edible]
[antennae to go into pills so that when ]
[combined with a little body-worn patch, ]
[every time you take a pill the patch knows exactly that you've taken the pill,]
[what your body temperature was when you took the pill, what your]
[heart rate was when you took the pill, what your physical]
[attitude was when you took the pill, a whole bunch of data that's then collected. ]
[And, again, it can be delivered both to physicians and patients. ]
[These kinds of technologies are]
[going to start to create some interesting things]
[and some potential for some interesting new services. ]
[So measurement is important. ]
[Fourth one is one that I think is a]
[sort of very human idea which is]
[as much as we may want to change our behavior]
[we have a really hard time balancing what ]
[we might call our impulsive selves and our considered selves. ]
[Our own irrationality, if you like, is]
[one of the biggest challenges to behavior change. ]
[I think the classical economists have]
[We do not behave in our own self interest a lot of the time,]
[especially when our emotions get in the way. ]
[We're not thinking about how likely it is]
[we are to have a heart attack when that big piece]
[of chocolate cake arrives in front of us after dinner. ]
[So one of the tricks, I think, to designing for behavior]
[change is to give people a chance to reflect]
[and consider their behavior in order to make]
[better choices, to actually reduce the number of times]
[when, perhaps, they behave just impulsively. ]
[So, again, there are lots of interesting applications emerging]
[One that I quite like, because it's free, again for the iPhone,]
[is one called Lose It, which just allows]
[you to simply record what you're eating and ]
[how you're exercising every day. ]
[These applications have been around for the PC forever, ]
[but the difference is when you're carrying it around with you. ]
[The difference is when you pull it out at every meal and you fill ]
[So it's the mobility piece that's making these kinds of applications effective. ]
[It's not so much the idea of the application itself, ]
[it's having it at the moment when you might otherwise be impulsive]
[that I think these kinds of things are useful. ]
[So we need to look for opportunities to intervene at the moment]
[of irrational behavior, and that can be anywhere. ]
[That can be to do with obesity, it could be to do with]
[washing hands at the hospital. ]
[How can we intervene at the moment of wrong behavior, as it were,]
[in order to encourage people to reflect on the implications]
[of not doing the right thing or of doing the right thing. ]
